Is there any movement on this? I am really new to PlatformIO and I am looking for this exact type of tutorial with no luck. I have read the links that were posted here, but it didn’t help me figure out the problem.
I find the tutorial by @Thomseeen above to be well-explained and the links (example, example) helpful. If you didn’t understand something specifically in these you should ask about that.
It might also be possible that your problem is of an entirely different nature. If you feel like that, you need to post a new topic.
2 Likes
I know it may seem that it is well explained from your perspective, but it hasn’t answered the OP’s call. Is there a tutorial for taking an existing Arduino project with or without multiple files and importing it into platformio? Something along the lines of “here is the source code”, “here is how you import it”, “here is the button you click”. All of the links provided do not show how they are implemented in PlatformIO. I am looking for the equivalent of “blink” with multiple files.
1 Like
Because it’s not PlatformIO-specific, it’s only related to C++. What PIO / VSCode gives you is a “new file” button and a source folder. I can show you a blink example with multiple files.
src\main.cpp
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "blinky.h"
void setup() {
blinky_init();
}
void loop() {
do_blink(500);
}
src\blinky.h
#ifndef BLINKY_H /* include guards */
#define BLINKY_H
/* blinky initialization function */
void blinky_init();
/* blinks the LED once for an length of <ms> milliseconds. */
void do_blink(int ms);
#endif /* BLINKY_H */
src\blinky.cpp
#include "blinky.h"
#include <Arduino.h> /* we need arduino functions to implement this */
void blinky_init() {
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void do_blink(int ms) {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
delay(ms);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
delay(ms);
}
5 Likes
Yes it does. Simply add more files in the respective src and include dirs.
The way I split code in Platformio is:
create:
- code.h
- code.cpp
code.h:
// pragma once prevents the file to be included twice
#pragma once
// #include ...
// all other includes stays here in the .h file
// vars need to be extern
extern String myName;
// prototypes don't need named attributes in the .h file
void sayMyName(String);
code.cpp:
// the only include in the .cpp file
#include "code.h"
String myName = "John";
void sayMyName(String name){
Serial.print(name);
}
main.cpp
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "code.h"
void setup(){
sayMyName(myName);
}
void loop(){
}
3 Likes
Hi, It’s really nice but… How we can use it when we try to work with external libraries at main which must be used by splited files?
I’m not sure what you mean by that. It means the external lib has some header file and it needs to be used in multiple source files in the src/ folder? Can you give a concrete example?
Buenas noches.
Creo que lo que intenta decir Poleg, es algo parecido a lo que me pasaba a mí, cuando hice la transformación de los programas del ROV, del entorno Arduino al entorno VSC, que hay bastantes librerías que se utilizan con normalidad en el entorno Arduino, que aun no están convalidadas a VSC + PIO. Sin embargo Poleg ya tiene los archivos divididos.
Supongo que quiere decir, que tiene que haber una manera de decirle al programa que busque las librerías en alguna carpeta, incluso cuando el programa está dividido.
Maxgerhardt, me dio la solución, para poder utilizar las bibliotecas de Arduino, pero mi programa no estaba dividido.
Si Poleg pudiera ser un poco más preciso, e indicar con que librerías concretas tiene problemas, a lo mejor sería más fácil poder ayudarle.
Esta es la respuesta que me diste, supongo que abra que adaptarla a cuando un programa ya esta dividido.
Blockquote
asesorplaza1:
src \ main.cpp: 154: 54: error fatal: PS2X_lib.h: No existe tal archivo o directorio
La biblioteca PS2X aún no está registrada en PlatformIO: le sugiero que vaya a GitHub - simondlevy/PS2X_lib: Arduino Playstation2 library with compiler warnings fixed , descargue el archivo ZIP ( https://github.com/simondlevy/PS2X_lib/archive/master.zip ) , a continuación, crear una nueva carpeta en la lib/ llamada PS2X_lib donde se coloca en los archivos del archivo ZIP de modo que la estructura es …
lib/
PS2X_lib/
PS2X_lib.cpp
PS2X_lib.h
...
luego agrega la línea
lib_deps =
PS2X_lib
en el platformio.ini para que PlatformIO busque la biblioteca.
Blockquote
Un saludo.
Good night.
I think what Poleg is trying to say is something like what happened to me, when I did the transformation of the ROV programs, from the Arduino environment to the VSC environment, that there are quite a few libraries that are used normally in the Arduino environment, which are not yet validated to VSC + PIO. However Poleg already has the files split.
I suppose it means, there has to be a way to tell the program to look for libraries in some folder, even when the program is split.
Maxgerhardt, gave me the solution, to be able to use the Arduino libraries, but my program was not divided.
If Poleg could be a little more accurate, and indicate which specific libraries have problems with, it might be easier to help you.
This is the answer you gave me, I suppose I open it to adapt it to when a program is already divided.
asesorplaza1:
src\main.cpp:154:54: fatal error: PS2X_lib.h: No such file or directory
The PS2X library is not yet registered with PlatformIO – I suggest you go to GitHub - simondlevy/PS2X_lib: Arduino Playstation2 library with compiler warnings fixed, download the ZIP file (https://github.com/simondlevy/PS2X_lib/archive/master.zip), then create a new folder in lib/ called PS2X_lib where you put in the files from the ZIP file so that the structure is …
lib/
PS2X_lib/
PS2X_lib.cpp
PS2X_lib.h
...
then add the line
lib_deps =
PS2X_lib
into the platformio.ini so that the library is looked for by PlatformIO.
Blockquote
Greetings.
Pues os comento, el proyecto en sí es un combinación de usos para la utlización del MFRC522 (Lector RFID)
La idea es tener el main en el que estén el setup y el loop. En el loop aparece la petición de modo de trabajo, y tras la introducción por parte del usuario se hace la llamada a uno de los archivos divididos.
El problema es que los objetos creados en el main y deben usarse en los dividos da error
So you have created global variables in your main.cpp and need to use them in your solucion1.cpp.
Your problem is that these global variables are not known to your main.cpp and also that you #include a CPP FILE in another cp file. That will lead to double-definition behaviours.
To resolve it, do:
- remove
#include solucion1.cppfrommain.cpp - create the new file
src/global_vars.hwith the content
#ifndef GLOBAL_VARS_H
#define GLOBAL_VARS_H
/* types for global vars */
#include <MFRC522.h>
/* global vars */
extern MFRC522 rfid;
extern bool momento;
extern bool contador1;
#endif
- in
solucion1.cpp, add a#include "global_vars.h"
Now your global variables have been declared extern in a header file which every other cpp file can include.
This is the exact same technique as outlined in all the posts above.
1 Like
Mmmmmm I thought in that, but I didn’t know the concept “extern” thanks a lot…
But, where I initialize extern variables and objets?
And… I should make an #include "solucion1.cpp" at main? Because I need some functions that are coded there
You do not include the implementation (the source code which implements the function), only the function or variable declaration. So no #include "solucion1.cpp".
In one .cpp file only. The extern keyword makes a simple declaration “the exists a variable of this type and name somewhere”. It doesn’t create the variable or define its value. In fact, if you declare the existence of a variable which is never defined, you get an undefined reference error.
See e.g. variable declaration - When to use extern in C++ - Stack Overflow
2 Likes
So how I should do it? I cant see it, sorry
The post above shows you how to create a header file which declares all your global variables and use them in your other cpp file. That’s the solution.
1 Like
ok, thanks for your time
Hi alll, i’m quite a beginner in programming world; i would like to show here an example code to understand if i have well learned splitting principles:
main.cpp
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "main.h"
int delay_ms= 250;
// Set LED_BUILTIN if it is not defined by Arduino framework
// #define LED_BUILTIN 13
void setup()
{
// initialize LED digital pin as an output.
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
blink();
}
main.h
#ifndef MAIN_H
#define MAIN_H
/* types for global vars */
/* global vars */
extern int delay_ms;
// prototypes don't need named attributes in the .h file
void blink();
#endif
blink.cpp
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "main.h"
void blink(void)
{
// turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
// wait for a second
delay(delay_ms);
// turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
// wait for a second
delay(delay_ms);
}
This code works but i have a doubt: is it all ok? Syntax and form are correct? There is something that can be done in a better way?
The example is syntactically correct indeed. You’ve splitted the function and the global variables accross the files correctly.
Now, this are are purely subjective “style” comments but it is general aggreed that global variables should only be used very sparingly (Why global variables are evil). The global variable used in the blink function in that case seems like a bad idea, style wise, since it’s not necessary. You can remove the global state dependency by making the delay_ms an argument of the function. You could also make the pin then an argument of the function. The less global state the better.
Of course, it still makes sense in some cases to have global variables: Like global objects for a e.g. display object, sensor object etc. But parameters which only matter to one function should be taken as an argument.
2 Likes
Thank you!, very clear and concise explanation, even for me 
Then I will study also best practices as soon as possible.