Honestly, I don’t really understand what you are trying to do and where you need help. But you might be interested in how I connect a debugger to the Arduino Nano BLE 33.
I started off with soldering wires to the debug pins (https://medium.com/@manuel.bl/arduino-in-circuit-debugging-with-platformio-9f699da57ddc). Later I had a PCB made:
It can either be used with a 3D printed bracket holding the Arduino Nano…
… or – in case pin headers have been soldered to the board – with stackable headers:
In both cases, the connection is made with a 6 pin connecter with spring-loaded pogo pins.
The adapter with stackable headers can be used on a breadboard:
The PCB has Cortex 10-pin connectors fitted. So it can be easily connected to a Black Magic Probe or to a J-Link (using an inexpensive adapter).
And as for your broken Nano 33 BLE: If it is just the bootloader that no longer works, it can be restored…