I could reproduce the error. The problem is the library linkage. The library is built as .a archive and linked in the final executable, this however creates problems when interrupt handlers with weak linking want to be overwritten by the library. For that, they must be linked as individual object files. Known per e.g. Translating make file for freeRTOS, libopencm3 to platformio.ini - #12 by maxgerhardt and STM32FreeRTOS vTaskDelay() not returning - #2 by maxgerhardt
Add
lib_archive = no
(docs) the platformio.ini and it will likely work for you too.