The unit test framework integrated with PlatformIO is Unity. I don’t see a “expect / verify method invocation” feature in that framework’s documentation (by glancing over it). So, a different unit test framework might be more suitable for you.
The EXPECT_CALL macro you’re referring to seems to come from Google’s Mock library. That library actually has a platformio.ini with a reference project, in which that macro should be available. So you can try that.
Other libraries like FakeIt also support a “verify method invocation” check. A thread about using it in PlatformIO with a refernce project can be foudn in the thread Integrate Cmock with Unity unit testing framework.