Mbed Build Error - RTOS 'osKernelGetTickCount'

You can try to use a special version of standard libraries called newlib-nano. To enable it you need to add a special linker flag to the file with default configuration for your board, it’s located here:
c:\Users\YOUR_USER\.platformio\packages\framework-mbed\platformio\variants\BLUEPILL_F103C8\BLUEPILL_F103C8.json (Windows)
/home/YOUR_USER/.platformio/packages/framework-mbed/platformio/variants/BLUEPILL_F103C8/BLUEPILL_F103C8.json (Linux)
Navigate to the section build_flags and add "--specs=nano.specs to the ld section:

"ld": [
    "-mcpu=cortex-m3", 
    "-mthumb", 
    "-Wl,--gc-sections", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,main", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,_malloc_r", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,_free_r", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,_realloc_r", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,_memalign_r", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,_calloc_r", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,exit", 
    "-Wl,--wrap,atexit", 
    "-Wl,-n",
    "--specs=nano.specs"
]

But these changes will be overwritten with next release of the mbed framework.