Hi there,
i spent the last few evenings with a imop linker problem… Or maybe it’s me?
Given files: motor.h; motor.cpp; main.cpp.
Platform is ESP8266-12E, Arduino Framework.
Latest Updates & Librarys are installed.
Did a Intellisense Rebuild Index & Arduino Rebuild Intellisense Config.
Code was first written in a bigger project, but linking will fail even if used isolated.
If the .cpp & header files are stored within the “src” folder, linking is successful.
If .cpp & header files are stored within the “include” folder, build fails.
If i move the files mentioned above to a new folder (myfunc) and include them with an absolute path
(#include “C:\Users\dameda\Nextcloud\Code\klassentest1\myfunc\motor.cpp”) compilation and linking works fine…
Failed full build log:
Executing task: C:\Users\dameda\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe run
Processing esp12e (platform: espressif8266; board: esp12e; framework: arduino)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/espressif8266/esp12e.html
PLATFORM: Espressif 8266 (3.2.0) > Espressif ESP8266 ESP-12E
HARDWARE: ESP8266 80MHz, 80KB RAM, 4MB Flash
PACKAGES:
- framework-arduinoespressif8266 @ 3.30002.0 (3.0.2)
- tool-esptool @ 1.413.0 (4.13)
- tool-esptoolpy @ 1.30000.201119 (3.0.0)
- toolchain-xtensa @ 2.100300.210717 (10.3.0)
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> https://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
Found 35 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
No dependencies
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\src\main.cpp.o
Generating LD script .pio\build\esp12e\ld\local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld
Archiving .pio\build\esp12e\libFrameworkArduinoVariant.a
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Crypto.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Esp-frag.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Esp-version.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Esp.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\FS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\FSnoop.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\FunctionalInterrupt.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\IPAddress.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\LwipDhcpServer-NonOS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\LwipDhcpServer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\LwipIntf.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\LwipIntfCB.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\MD5Builder.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Print.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Schedule.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\StackThunk.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Stream.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\StreamSend.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Tone.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\TypeConversion.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\Updater.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\WMath.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\WString.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\abi.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\aes_unwrap.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\base64.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\cbuf.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\cont.S.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\cont_util.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_app_entry_noextra4k.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_eboot_command.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_features.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_flash_quirks.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_flash_utils.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_i2s.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_main.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_non32xfer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_noniso.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_phy.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_postmortem.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_si2c.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_sigma_delta.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_spi_utils.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_timer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_vm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_waveform_phase.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_waveform_pwm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_analog.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_digital.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_pulse.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_pwm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_shift.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\crc32.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\debug.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\exc-c-wrapper-handler.S.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\exc-sethandler.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\flash_hal.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\gdb_hooks.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\heap.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\hwdt_app_entry.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cdecode.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cencode.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\libc_replacements.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\mmu_iram.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\reboot_uart_dwnld.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_cache.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_check.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_gc.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_hydrogen.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_nucleus.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\spiffs_api.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\sqrt32.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\stdlib_noniso.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\time.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\uart.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_info.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_integrity.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_local.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_malloc.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\esp12e\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_poison.c.o
Archiving .pio\build\esp12e\libFrameworkArduino.a
Linking .pio\build\esp12e\firmware.elf
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp12e\src\main.cpp.o:(.text.loop+0x0): undefined reference
to `_ZN5MotorC1Ev'
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp12e\src\main.cpp.o:(.text.loop+0x4): undefined reference
to `_ZN5Motor4stopEv'
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp12e\src\main.cpp.o:(.text.loop+0x8): undefined reference
to `_ZN5MotorD1Ev'
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp12e\src\main.cpp.o: in function `loop':
main.cpp:(.text.loop+0x13): undefined reference to `_ZN5MotorC1Ev'
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: main.cpp:(.text.loop+0x1b): undefined reference to `_ZN5Motor4stopEv'
c:/users/dameda/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-lx106-elf/10.3.0/../../../../xtensa-lx106-elf/bin/ld.exe: main.cpp:(.text.loop+0x23): undefined reference to `_ZN5MotorD1Ev'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
*** [.pio\build\esp12e\firmware.elf] Error 1
======================================================================================== [FAILED] Took 6.34 seconds ========================================================================================
* The terminal process "C:\Users\dameda\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe 'run'" terminated with exit code: 1.
* Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it.
platformio.ini:
; PlatformIO Project Configuration File
;
; Build options: build flags, source filter
; Upload options: custom upload port, speed and extra flags
; Library options: dependencies, extra library storages
; Advanced options: extra scripting
;
; Please visit documentation for the other options and examples
; https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html
[env:esp12e]
platform = espressif8266
board = esp12e
framework = arduino
upload_port = COM11
upload_speed = 115200
monitor_speed = 115200
main.cpp:
#include <Arduino.h>
//#include "motor.h"
#include "motor.h"
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
Motor motor;
// motor.motorspeed(200);
// motor.close(100);
motor.stop();
}
motor.h:
#ifndef motor_h
#define motor_h
//void Motor(int speed);
class Motor
{
public: Motor(void);
public: ~Motor(void);
/// @brief Motorgeschwindigkeit setzen
/// @param mspeed
public: void motorspeed(int mspeed);
/// @brief Motor anhalten ///
public: void stop();
public: void open(int mspeed);
public: void close(int mspeed);
};
#endif
motor.cpp:
#include <Arduino.h>
//#include <motor.h>
#include "motor.h"
Motor::Motor(void)
{
int i = 0;
}
Motor::~Motor(void)
{
int i = 1;
}
void Motor::close(int mspeed)
{
digitalWrite(10, LOW);
analogWrite(10,mspeed);
}
void Motor::motorspeed(int mspeed)
{
digitalWrite(10, LOW);
analogWrite(10,mspeed);
}
void Motor::open(int mspeed)
{
digitalWrite(10, LOW);
analogWrite(10,mspeed);
}
void Motor::stop()
{
digitalWrite(10, LOW);
}
pio system info:
pio system info
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
PlatformIO Core 6.1.4
Python 3.9.10-final.0
System Type windows_amd64
Platform Windows-10
File System Encoding utf-8
Locale Encoding cp1252
PlatformIO Core Directory C:\Users\dameda\.platformio
PlatformIO Core Executable C:\Users\dameda\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe
Python Executable C:\Users\dameda\.platformio\penv\Scripts\python.exe
Global Libraries 0
Development Platforms 3
Tools & Toolchains 26
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
What am i missing?
Greets, Stephan 