What exact error are you running into? Have you tried running our libopencm3 blinky example first? I highly doubt that that is due to the framework version or compiler version. Above example works just fine.
C:\Users\Max\.platformio\platforms\ststm32\examples\libopencm3-blink>pio run -e nucleo_f103rb
Processing nucleo_f103rb (platform: ststm32; framework: libopencm3; board: nucleo_f103rb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/ststm32/nucleo_f103rb.html
PLATFORM: ST STM32 (13.0.0) > ST Nucleo F103RB
HARDWARE: STM32F103RBT6 72MHz, 20KB RAM, 128KB Flash
DEBUG: Current (stlink) On-board (stlink) External (blackmagic, cmsis-dap, jlink)
PACKAGES:
- framework-libopencm3 1.10000.200730 (1.0.0)
- toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi 1.70201.0 (7.2.1)
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> http://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
Found 0 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
No dependencies
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\src\main.o
Generating linker script .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\generated.stm32f103rb.ld
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\FrameworkLibOpenCM3\lib\stm32\f1\adc.o
[...]
Indexing .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\libFrameworkLibOpenCM3.a
Linking .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\firmware.elf
Checking size .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\firmware.elf
Advanced Memory Usage is available via "PlatformIO Home > Project Inspect"
RAM: [ ] 0.0% (used 0 bytes from 20480 bytes)
Flash: [ ] 0.5% (used 688 bytes from 131072 bytes)
Building .pio\build\nucleo_f103rb\firmware.bin
=============== [SUCCESS] Took 3.34 seconds ===============
platform_packages for framework-libopencm3 and toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi.