There’s multiple ways. For once, you can Serial.println() the data you want to be logged and run a Python script on the host computer that uses the pySerial library to read that serial output, which can then save it to a .csv (csv module) or Excel .xlsx file (OpenPyXML). That is, logging the data coming from the USB cable. There are thousands of tutorials for this out there, see e.g. here and here.
Another approach would be to use the WiFi connnection of the board to send data to a cloud, for example, Google Sheets. You can e.g. use a HTTPClient and Google Scripts for this. Then, no connection to your PC is required.